Oral Abstract Details

Author(s):
Christopher Kollar, Yu-Fai Leung

Affiliation:
North Carolina State University

Presentation Type:
Oral

Topic Area:
Monitoring and predicting human influences on landscapes and ecosystems

Abstract Text:
Balancing growing and increasingly diverse recreational demand with conservation objectives presents a significant challenge for managers of parks and open space along urban-rural interfaces, especially when information about recreational activities and associated environmental impacts is lacking in many places. Mountain biking is a case in point. The estimated fifty million mountain bike riders in the United States as of 2008 consist of several rider types (free-ride, urban, cross country) that desire various experiences. Much of this demand is being absorbed in urban-proximate parks and natural areas. In an effort to help park managers and users understand mountain bike specific impacts, this study developed a protocol for GPS mapping technical trail features (TTFs) found on mountain bike trails and for assessing their environmental, social and managerial attributes. TTFs are armoured natural features or built structures that enhance mountain bike riding experiences through physical and mental challenges. This protocol was pilot tested in Legend Park, an urban park in Clayton, North Carolina where mountain biking was popular and a variety of TTFs existed. The collected data were analyzed across three TTF groups (ground, aerial and traverse) which were based on the nature of experience enhanced by the features. Comparative analysis found significant differences in site attributes and environmental impacts between TTF groups, including trail and landscape slopes, feature footprints and soil erosion as indicated by trail incision adjacent to the features. Significant impact differences were also found within TTF groups for root exposure, canopy openness, vegetation removed to construct feature, feature condition, and trail type. Results from this study address basic questions about the types and environmental ramifications of these TTFs which are growing in presence along the urban-rural interfaces where official or unofficial mountain biking activity occurs. The proposed protocol provides managers with an adaptable tool for assessing and evaluating mountain bike specific impacts. Information gathered using this or a similar assessment tool can help justify management decisions about existing mountain biking trails and TTFs while informing planning decisions for future mountain biking sites with regard to their environmental sustainability.